在过去一个相当长的时期里，社会都是等级制度森严并且极度不公的，做为社会阶级中最大一部分的贫农常常被赋税，战争，饥荒压得喘不过气来，痛苦不堪。
在過去一個相當長的時期裏，社會都是等級制度森嚴並且極度不公的，做為社會階級中最大一部分的貧農常常被賦税，戰爭，饑荒壓得喘不過氣來，痛苦不堪。
zài guò qù yí gè xiāng dāng zhǎng de shí qī lǐ ， shè huì dōu shì děng jí zhì dù sēn yán bìng qiě jí dù bù gōng de ， zuò wéi shè huì jiē jí zhōng zuì dà yī bù fen de pín nóng cháng cháng bèi fù shuì ， zhàn zhēng ， jī huāng yā dé chuǎn bu guò qì lái ， tòng kǔ bù kān 。
For a long time, society was strongly hierarchical and unequal, primarily composed of peasants. The most backward, impoverished segment of the population, they were crushed by the weight of taxes, wars, and famines.
There are three kinds of peasants, the rich, the middle and the poor peasants.
Mandarin
贫农，因为最革命，所以他们取得了农会的领导权。
貧農，因為最革命，所以他們取得了農會的領導權。
pín nóng ， yīn wèi zuì gé mìng ， suǒ yǐ tā men qǔ dé le nóng huì de lǐng dǎo quán ．
The poor peasants, being the most revolutionary group, have gained the leadership of the peasant associations.
Mandarin
这个贫农大群众，合共占乡村人口百分之七十，乃是农民协会的中坚，打倒封建势力的先锋，成就那多年未曾成就的革命大业的元勋。
這個貧農大羣眾，合共佔鄉村人口百分之七十，乃是農民協會的中堅，打倒封建勢力的先鋒，成就那多年未曾成就的革命大業的元勳。
zhè ge pín nóng dà qún zhòng ， hé gòng zhàn xiāng cūn rén kǒu bǎi fēn zhī qī shí ， nǎi shì nóng mín xié huì de zhōng jiān ， dǎ dǎo fēng jiàn shì lì de xiān fēng ， chéng jiù nà duō nián wèi céng chéng jiù de gé mìng dà yè de yuán xūn ．
This great mass of poor peasants, or altogether 70 per cent of the rural population, are the backbone of the peasant associations, the vanguard in the overthrow of the feudal forces and the heroes who have performed the great revolutionary task which for long years was left undone.
Mandarin
积极拥护合作社的是些什么人呢？是绝大多数贫农和下中农，他们占农村人口百分之七十以上。
積極擁護合作社的是些什麼人呢？是絕大多數貧農和下中農，他們佔農村人口百分之七十以上。
jī jí yōng hù hé zuò shè de shì xiē shén me rén ne ？ shì jué dà duō shù pín nóng hé xià zhōng nóng ， tā men zhàn nóng cūn rén kǒu bǎi fēn zhī qī shí yǐ shàng ．
Who are the active supporters of the co-operatives? The overwhelming majority of the poor and lower-middle peasants who constitute more than 70 per cent of the rural population.
Mandarin
小手工业者所以称为半无产阶级，是因为他们虽然自有简单的生产手段，且系一种自由职业，但他们也常常被迫出卖一部分劳动力，其经济地位略与农村中的贫农相当。
小手工業者所以稱為半無產階級，是因為他們雖然自有簡單的生產手段，且係一種自由職業，但他們也常常被迫出賣一部分勞動力，其經濟地位略與農村中的貧農相當。
xiǎo shǒu gōng yè zhě suǒ yǐ chēng wéi bàn wú chǎn jiē jí ， shì yīn wèi tā men suī rán zì yǒu jiǎn dān de shēng chǎn shǒu duàn ， qiě xì yī zhǒng zì yóu zhí yè ， dàn tā men yě cháng cháng bèi pò chū mài yī bù fen láo dòng lì ， qí jīng jì dì wèi lüè yǔ nóng cūn zhōng de pín nóng xiāng dāng ．
The small handicraftspeople are called semi-proletarians because, though they own some simple means of production and moreover are self-employed, they too are often forced to sell part of their labour power and are somewhat similar to the poor peasants in economic status.