Capitulationism has its roots in national defeatism or national pessimism, that is, in the idea that having lost some battles, China has no strength left to fight Japan.
Mandarin
然而由于这些经验（胜仗，特别是败仗的经验），使他们能够理解贯串整个战争的内部的东西，即那个具体战争的规律性，懂得了战略和战术，因而能够有把握地去指导战争。
然而由於這些經驗（勝仗，特別是敗仗的經驗），使他們能夠理解貫串整個戰爭的內部的東西，即那個具體戰爭的規律性，懂得了戰略和戰術，因而能夠有把握地去指導戰爭。
Ｒáｎéｒ yóu yú zhè xiē jīng yàn （ shèng zhàng ， tè bié shì bài zhàng de jīng yàn ） ， shǐ tā men néng gòu lǐ jiě guàn chuàn zhěng gè zhàn zhēng de nèi bù de dōng xi ， jí nà ge jù tǐ zhàn zhēng de guī lǜ xìng ， dǒng dé le zhàn lüè hé zhàn shù ， yī né r5 néng gòu yǒu bǎ wò de qù zhǐ dǎo zhàn zhēng ．
But this experience (the experience of battles won and especially of battles lost) enables them to comprehend the inner thread of the whole war, namely, the laws of that specific war, to understand its strategy and tactics, and consequently to direct the war with confidence.
Mandarin
他们在开始阶段只是身历了许多作战的经验，而且败仗是打得很多的。
他們在開始階段只是身歷了許多作戰的經驗，而且敗仗是打得很多的。
tā men zài kāi shǐ jiē duàn zhǐ shì shēn lì le xǔ duō zuò zhàn de jīng yàn ， ér qiě bài zhàng shì dǎ de hěn duō de ．
At the initial stage they will merely experience a good deal of fighting and, what is more, suffer many defeats.
In the novel Shui Hu Chuan, Sung Chiang thrice attacked Chu Village. Twice he was defeated because he was ignorant of the local conditions and used the wrong method. Later he changed his method; first he investigated the situation, … using a stratagem similar to that of the Trojan Horse in the foreign story. And on the third occasion he won.
Mandarin
战争历史中有在连战皆捷之后吃了一个败仗以至全功尽弃的，有在吃了许多败仗之后打了一个胜仗因而开展了新局面的。
戰爭歷史中有在連戰皆捷之後吃了一個敗仗以至全功盡棄的，有在吃了許多敗仗之後打了一個勝仗因而開展了新局面的。
zhàn zhēng lì shǐ zhōng yǒu zài lián zhàn jiē jié zhī hòu chī le yī ge bài zhàng yǐ zhì quán gōng jìn qì de ， yǒu zài chī le xǔ duō bài zhàng zhī hòu dǎ le yī ge shèng zhàng yī né r5 kāi zhǎn le xīn jú miàn de ．
In the history of war, there are instances where defeat in a single battle nullified all the advantages of a series of victories, and there are also instances where victory in a single battle after many defeats opened up a new situation.